Uruguay, historically characterized by mass European migration, is witnessing a notable demographic shift as, for the first time since 1908, the number of foreign-born residents is on the rise. This transformation is primarily attributed to the influx of migrants from Venezuela and Cuba, seeking refuge from political and economic challenges in their home countries. The latest census data for 2023 reveals that foreign-born residents now constitute 3% of Uruguay’s 3.4 million population, marking an increase from 2% a decade ago.
The political and economic upheavals in Venezuela and Cuba over the past decade have propelled an exodus towards South America and, in some instances, northwards toward the United States. Uruguay emerges as an appealing destination due to its relative economic stability, higher wages, job security, and a well-regarded public education system. Migrants acknowledge the attractiveness of Uruguay despite the high cost of living.
In Montevideo, Uruguay’s capital, the annual Venezuelan community Christmas party attests to the growing migrant presence. The event, which started six years ago with a few families, has now evolved into a significant gathering. Volunteers work tirelessly to wrap gifts for children, with this year’s celebration drawing 4,000 attendees to the Migration Museum. The Venezuelan community has tripled in size to 33,000 individuals in the last five years.
Non-profit organizations like Manos Veneguayas, founded in 2017, play a crucial role in helping Venezuelan migrants integrate into Uruguayan society. The government’s proactive stance in welcoming foreign workers contributes to the positive migrant experience. While nearly 30,000 Cubans have arrived in Uruguay over the past five years, many view the country as a transit point, aiming to continue their journey to the U.S. and Europe.
Unlike some countries in the region where rising migrant populations pose challenges to public services, Uruguay views this trend as a “huge positive.” According to demographic specialist Martin Koolhaas, the influx of migrants helps address Uruguay’s persistent issue of having the lowest birth rate in South America. The country’s exemplary immigration system, characterized by efficiency and inclusivity, is a significant factor in attracting and retaining migrants.
Migrants like 55-year-old Luiz Paz from Venezuela testify to the ease of settling in Uruguay. Paz, who arrived in Montevideo last year, expresses satisfaction with the immigration process, emphasizing that he and fellow migrants are granted the same rights as Uruguayans. His sentiment reflects the broader experience of newcomers who feel welcomed and established in Uruguay, marking a notable demographic shift in the country’s recent history.
Uruguay’s evolving demographic landscape, marked by the increasing migrant population, showcases the country’s attractiveness as a destination for those seeking refuge from socio-political challenges. The positive impact on the nation’s demographics, coupled with an inclusive immigration system, positions Uruguay as a unique case in South America, where the rise in foreign-born residents is viewed as a beneficial trend.
